According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), there are seven distinct types of forklifts1. OSHA also notes that it?s a requirement for operators to be aware of the truck specifications?which are found on the nameplate?before use.
Classification is based on factors including:
Here are the seven different types of forklifts as classified by the OSHA.
Vehicles in this class are powered by industrial batteries and equipped with transistor motor controllers for movement and hoisting
As one of the most versatile forklift trucks, they?re used in applications ranging from storage facilities to warehouses to loading docks.
With the option for either cushion or pneumatic tires, this class of vehicle is generally preferred when air quality is critical.
Common examples of electric motor rider trucks include:
As the name suggests, these vehicles are for use in narrow aisle environments. This allows for easier maneuverability, as well as the ability to make the most of available storage space.
Despite the smaller size, electric motor narrow aisle trucks still have plenty to offer regarding efficiency, power, and speed.
Common examples of electric motor narrow aisle trucks include:
As hand-controlled forklifts, the operator stands in front of the vehicle and controls the lift through a tiller. Control on top of the tiller allows the operator to steer the trucks. Electric motor hand trucks are battery-powered.
Common examples of electric motor hand trucks include:
These forklifts are most often used inside to transport palletized loads from location to location. When equipped with cushion tires, these forklifts ride lower to the ground, thus making them a popular choice in low-clearance environments.
These vehicles are similar to those in Class 4, with the only difference being the use of pneumatic tires.
Internal combustion engine trucks are most often used in warehouse settings, however, they can also assist with a variety of tasks outdoors. This is due in large part to the pneumatic tires, large capacity range, and handling ability.
If versatility is what you want, one of these vehicles should meet most or all of your needs.
Electric motor models are designed for indoor use, with internal combustion engines for outdoor applications.
A sit-down rider is a common example of an electric or internal combustion engine tractor.
With the use of large floatation tires, rough terrain forklift trucks can tackle almost anything that comes their way.
These vehicles are most commonly used on construction sites to move building materials over long, rough terrain.
Common examples of rough terrain forklift trucks include:
It?s a plus that there are seven distinct types of forklifts to consider. This improves the likelihood of finding one that suits your needs.
However, you must choose the right forklift for the job. Making a poor decision can put you and your co-workers at risk of injury. And that doesn?t even take into consideration the damage you can cause.
Your decision is based largely on the factors used to classify forklifts: features, applications, and fuel type.
For instance, if you?re working indoors, an electric forklift is preferred over an internal combustion engine.
Or perhaps you?re working outdoors on a roughly graded construction site. In this case, a rough terrain forklift truck is better than all other options.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) categorizes forklifts into seven classes according to features like load-bearing capacity, power type, intended uses, and overall design characteristics.
Understanding these unique classifications is essential for choosing the right forklift for your business. If you are ready to take the next step and acquire a forklift, turn to the trusted choice. At Aerial Titans, we offer a range of new and used equipment. We are happy to answer your questions and help you find the right forklift for your business today.
Forklift classes typically reveal key information such as load capacity, suitability for indoor or outdoor use, and power source.
Class I forklifts have a significantly higher load capacity than Class II. While both classes are typically used indoors, such as in warehouses, it’s essential to note that Class I forklifts aren’t suitable for use in freezing temperatures.
While Class I is the go-to choice for jobs that need a higher load capacity, don’t rule out Class II forklifts. They have much more maneuverability, making them perfect for more confined spaces (such as aisles).
Class III forklifts differ from Class IV and V forklifts in several key design elements. People operate Class III forklifts with a hand lever, allowing them to control the forklift while riding it or walking behind it. In contrast, both Class IV and Class V are “sit-down” forklifts driven by the operator.
Additionally, Class IV and Class V forklifts are high-capacity models that can handle large loads. People typically use Class III forklifts to move a few materials a short distance. For example, while Class IV and Class V are ideal for outdoor use and work in large warehouses, Class III is most often used for retail and general warehousing applications.
Class VI forklifts, also known as tow tractors, are commonly used in logistics and manufacturing industries. People highly regard Class VI forklifts for the combination of a high towing capacity and smooth, operator-friendly controls.
Additionally, Class VI forklifts feature advanced braking systems, making them significantly safer for use in warehouses. They can easily transport loads of pallets or unload tractor-trailers anywhere on the site. Typical uses include airport baggage handling and assembly line operations. This versatility, mixed with the readiness for heavy-duty use, makes the Class VI forklift a top choice for industrial settings.
Dealing with construction in a heavily saturated and muddy terrain? Do you need to transport heavy loads across rough landscapes, such as in mining operations? In these scenarios, the Class VII rough terrain forklift trucks are the clear choice.
With high ground clearance and sizable pneumatic tires, you can trust Class VII to get where you need it to go. Additionally, the Class VII features a heavy-gauge steel frame, allowing it to safely carry heavy loads over even and uneven ground, as well as less stable surfaces.
You should consider Class VII for any operation that takes place on rugged terrain or in unknown weather conditions. However, remember that even with the right equipment, it is still essential to operate safely.
OSHA requires that every forklift operator receive forklift certification on all classifications, regardless of the specific type of forklift the operator intends to use2. Operators must do refresher training if they switch between the types of forklifts they use.
Certificates are valid for three years. Regardless of their certification, operators should follow safety protocol each time they use the equipment.
The primary factors you should consider when selecting a forklift class for your operations are:
Once you’ve answered these questions, you can narrow down which forklift class you will need. For example, if you will need to move heavy loads over long distances and rough terrain, then you are likely looking at a Class VII for your needs. On the other hand, if you will be operating in a large warehouse and need to prioritize the safety of floor workers, then a Class VI (with its advanced braking system) might be the best option.
